BIKE/BOARD

Surprising Changes to California’s Electric Bike Law Explained

January 3, 2025

California law bans electric bikes over 750W or 20mph on motor power alone.
All e-bike batteries must meet strict safety standards.
Rental electric bikes need certified compliance labeling.

Electric bikes are becoming a common sight on California’s streets, trails, and bike paths, providing an efficient and enjoyable way to travel. However, specific laws govern how these vehicles are sold, used, and rented. Let’s break down California’s latest regulations and what they mean for riders and potential buyers.

Kick Off Black Friday 2024 with the Best Deals on Electric Bikes - Electrify Expo — _{Riders testing electric bikes and scooters at Electrify Expo San Francisco.}

A Quick Breakdown of E-Bike Classes

Before we get into the laws, it’s essential to know the different classifications of electric bicycles. California defines e-bikes into three categories:

Class 1: Pedal-assist bikes where the motor kicks in only when you’re pedaling, up to 20 mph.
Class 2: Throttle-assisted bikes that can be propelled without pedaling but cap the speed at 20 mph.
Class 3: Pedal-assist bikes with assistance up to 28 mph and a required speedometer. These are often restricted from certain bike paths due to their higher speeds.

Class	Pedal Assist	Throttle	Max Assisted Speed
Class 1	Yes	No	20 mph
Class 2	Yes	Yes	20 mph
Class 3	Yes	No	28 mph

Under Senate Bill 1271, signed by Governor Gavin Newsom, the definitions of these classes have been clarified to ensure consistency and safety across the state. For instance, a Class 1 or Class 3 e-bike must have a motor incapable of propelling the bike on its own (except for minor start-assist features like a 3.7 mph walk mode). This clarity ensures that products labeled as e-bikes meet these specifications, with no false advertising allowed!

The Importance of E-Bike Battery Standards

E-bike batteries are crucial but can pose fire risks if poorly made. Starting January 1, 2026, all electric bike batteries sold in California must comply with safety standards set by the State Fire Marshal. These include testing by accredited labs to meet ANSI/CAN/UL standards, ensuring they are safe and reliable for consumers.

The bill prioritizes public safety by implementing these regulations so consumers can feel confident that the products they purchase meet stringent safety criteria.

This law applies to new bikes, powered mobility devices like electric scooters and mopeds, and replacement batteries. Rental companies must also ensure all e-bike batteries in their fleets meet these safety standards by January 1, 2028.

Electrify Expo Seattle 2024 Micromobility Demo Hey Bike electric bike — _{Close-up of the e-bike battery of a blue HeyBike electric cargo bike with a front headlight and sturdy rear rack.}

What Happens to Non-Compliant E-Bikes?

Under SB-1271, any vehicle that doesn’t meet California’s e-bike definition can’t be marketed, sold, or labeled as an e-bike. For example, a bike capable of speeds over 20 mph on motor power alone or one with a motor exceeding 750 watts isn’t legally considered an electric bicycle in California. These products cannot be sold or labeled as e-bikes, ensuring that only genuine e-bikes are available to consumers.

And yes, non-compliance can lead to criminal charges, as violations of the Vehicle Code are considered crimes in California. So, follow the law to stay compliant and avoid legal trouble.

Renting and Leasing? Know This

If you’re renting or leasing an e-bike, be aware that the new regulations require proper labeling and certification from accredited labs. By January 2028, every rental electric bike in California must display clear compliance labeling, from the battery to the charging system. This ensures that even short-term users have access to safe and reliable equipment.

Why Electrify Expo 2025 Could Be the Most Important EV Event Yet - thousands of attendees — _{Large crowd exploring the E-Bike Demo Zone at Electrify Expo, showcasing electric vehicle innovations.}

Actionable Advice for E-Bike Riders and Buyers

Here’s how California’s new electric bike laws can work for you:

Check the Label: Before buying or renting, ensure the bike has a permanent label detailing its class, motor wattage, and top assisted speed. If it’s missing this, walk away.
Buy Smart: Only purchase e-bikes and batteries tested by accredited labs. Look for certifications like ANSI/CAN/UL 2849 for bikes and ANSI/CAN/UL 2271 for batteries.
Stay Informed: Laws like these are designed to protect consumers. Keep an eye out for updates to ensure your e-bike adventures stay safe and legal.
Ask Questions: If you’re unsure about the safety of a product, ask the retailer for the test report issued by an accredited lab. Under the new laws, they are required to provide it.

California Electric Bike Laws Ensure Rider Safety

California’s electric bike laws focus on safety and accountability, establishing clear standards to protect riders. These regulations ensure e-bikes meet stringent safety requirements, reducing the risk of subpar or dangerous products on the market. Whether you’re cruising along the beach or navigating city streets, you can trust that your e-bike meets high safety standards.

Ready to ride? Check that your e-bike meets all legal requirements. Safety is the foundation of every great ride.